How Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) Works to Combat Inflammation

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury or infection, designed to heal and protect. However, when inflammation becomes chronic, it can contribute to various health issues, including arthritis, skin conditions, and cardiovascular diseases. Enter gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) – a unique omega-6 fatty acid found in borage seed oil, evening primrose oil, and blackcurrant seed oil. GLA has garnered attention for its remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, offering a natural approach to managing inflammation-related health concerns. But how exactly does it work? Let’s dive into the science behind GLA’s inflammation-fighting abilities.

Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA): A Unique Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Unlike other omega-6 fatty acids, which can promote inflammation in excess, GLA is unique in its ability to reduce it. Once consumed, GLA is converted in the body into dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), a compound with potent anti-inflammatory effects. DGLA acts as a precursor to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that regulate inflammation in the body.

What sets GLA apart is its ability to tip the balance in favor of anti-inflammatory pathways, even in the presence of other omega-6 fatty acids. This makes it an excellent choice for those looking to manage inflammation without the risks associated with excessive omega-6 intake.

The Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of GLA

Conversion to DGLA After ingestion, GLA undergoes a metabolic conversion into DGLA. This step is crucial because DGLA directly impacts the body’s inflammatory response. Unlike arachidonic acid (another omega-6 fatty acid that can promote inflammation), DGLA produces substances that actively reduce inflammation.
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) Production DGLA serves as a precursor to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a powerful anti-inflammatory molecule. PGE1 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). By reducing these cytokines, GLA helps alleviate chronic inflammation and its associated symptoms.
Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Pathways GLA and its metabolite DGLA also compete with arachidonic acid for the same metabolic enzymes. This competition reduces the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotrienes, which are known to exacerbate inflammation. By blocking these pathways, GLA further reduces inflammatory responses in the body.

Health Benefits of GLA for Inflammatory Conditions

Given its mechanism of action, GLA has been shown to benefit a range of inflammatory conditions:

Arthritis: Studies have demonstrated that GLA supplementation can reduce joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing inflammatory cytokines.
Skin Health: GLA’s ability to support skin barrier function and reduce inflammation makes it effective for managing eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
Cardiovascular Health: Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for heart disease. By reducing systemic inflammation, GLA may contribute to improved cardiovascular health.
Neurological Conditions: Emerging research suggests that GLA’s anti-inflammatory properties could benefit conditions like multiple sclerosis and diabetic neuropathy, where inflammation plays a role in disease progression.

Natural Sources of GLA

GLA is not widely found in foods, but it is abundant in certain plant-based oils. The most common sources include:

Borage Seed Oil: The richest natural source of GLA, containing up to 24% of this fatty acid.
Evening Primrose Oil: A popular choice for managing hormonal imbalances and skin conditions, with around 9% GLA.
Blackcurrant Seed Oil: Contains about 15-20% GLA along with other beneficial fatty acids.

You can find these particular oils in our assortment. We produce these oils in the United Kingdom at our own production facility called New Holland. Click on the link above to find the product page for these GLA-rich oils.

How Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) Works to Combat Inflammation